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The South African agricultural economy consists of a large number of subsistence farmers compared to commercial ones. However, there has being a general decline in subsistence farming, more people are moving into urban areas than before – there are more opportunities in the mining sector, factories, informal sector. Also, education, healthcare facilities in urban areas are better than in rural areas.
This rapid urbanisation has in part lead to a gradual decline in subsistence farming, and in part a role in reinforcing the poverty trap that most South African living in – most the people who hoped to find work opportunities in urban areas end up in the informal trading sector or no work at all.
Generally, people end up worse-off in urban areas than they would have in rural areas. Moreover, food is relatively expensive; despite this, people still prefer to stay in urban areas because they believe that there are more work opportunities here as compare to rural areas.
And, so farming remain a neglected field of opportunities; the topography is South Africa is a semi-arid country - although there are variations in climate as well as topography. Only 13% of surface area is good for crop farming, of that 13%, 22% is considered high potential land. It has an uneven distribution of rain.
Challenges:
· Climate – uneven rainfall; water shortage.
· Availability of surface area – mostly semi-arid
· Poverty – food prices (worldwide) are on a rise; most people find it hard afford necessities, despite severally social support efforts initiated by the government.
· Infrastructure: South Africa has strong links between urban areas, but it’s linkage between rural and urban area is poor.
I’m currently not aware of innovative solutions -(with exclusion of Abalimi) that are underway, but efforts are made in the right direction to re-address issues in and around rural development, and possibly, development of subsistence farming......research pending.
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