The most appropriate technique to minimize the wastewater is to segregate wastewater according to its quality. Segregation of gray water and reduced size of the flush cisterns could reduce the wastewater volume in the domestic sector to a manageable limit. If the urban runoff could be segregated, it would help recycling and reuse of majority of the urban runoff. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is one such technology that helps to utilize the urban storm water for recharging the groundwater. Besides, there are opportunities to reduce wastewater in industries. For example, the quantity of the effluent generated in sugar industry can be reduced from 300 liters to 50 liters per ton of cane crushed, if recycling techniques are meticulously followed. The wastewater quantity generated in continuous fermentation distilleries is just half (7 liters) per liter of alcohol produced compared to alcohol produced in batch fermentation process distilleries. In pulp and paper industries, the paper mill wastewater is completely recycled into pulp mill by adopting fiber recovery system. It helps to reduce the wastewater from 200 c** to 50 c** per ton of paper produced. It is a good sign that many industries are now trying to achieve the goal of "Zero-discharge” to get the label of clean processing/industry. Some additional incentives could help to spread this concept to more industries.
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