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Since watershed is a hydrologic unit and selected based on water flow in a land area, planning for rainwater harvesting can be done in a better way in a watershed as compared to any other type of geographic units. Direct falling rainwater, overland flow of runoff, lateral seepage flow (emerging within the watershed boundaries) can be stored in a reservoir formed due to construction of dams across stream of any order, check dams constructed across the streams or dugout ponds. Infiltrated water into the soil profile can also be used as subsurface storage by lifting at a convenient point of time. The steps to be followed in rainwater harvesting system development are:
• A****sment of opportunities for utilisation water
• A****sment temporal and spatial needs in the watershed
• Selection of sites using topographic, drainage and soil maps
• A****sment of availability of direct rainfall and runoff. SCS method of runoff estimation may be used for determination of runoff volume generated from a given land area with a particular land use, soil type, land slope, etc.
• Matching volume of water needed and availability of water from the catchment and decide the volume of water to be stored.
• Plan for number and size of structures based on budget and land availability
• Select the site which requires minimum earthwork to minimise the cost of construction.
• A****s the need for lining, inlet and outlets etc.
• Design of suitable structure: check dams, dugout ponds etc.
• Undertake construction
• Provide suitable system for water utilisation: irrigation channel / pipes, irrigation systems (gravity or drip irrigation)
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