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Growing up in Bulawayo, we seemed to have a drought more often then not. The years we did get rain it was far too hard and washed the top soil away and the erosion causes all sorts of problems on the infrastructure.
Monitoring
Drinking water
1) Municipal drinking water capacity - how much do we have left?
2) Municipal consuption - how much are we using?
3) How long will it last? (1)/(2)
4) Pipe burst hotline - if a municipal water pipe bursts, it's important it's reported as soon as possible.
5) Clean water and/or purifier availability. Droughts are normally acompanied by ch***ra outbreaks as desperations leads to drinking unclean water. A single filtration plant will allow, for instance, a local dam to be used which would be the equivalent of shipping millions of liters of fresh water.
Health
1) Dehydration is the most obvious health concern in a drought but as mentioned above, ch***ra normally occurs too. As the crops suffer, livestock produce less milk then perish, malnutrition follows.
2) Tracking cases of ch***ra and malnutrition will be the best indicator of where supplies and staff are most needed.
Crops
1) How are the crops in the surrounding area coping? Are we going to have to import food next year?
2) Which areas would it be most effective to supply with grey water?
- Is irrigation infrastructure in place?
- Does the soil manage dry spells well? Clay holds more water but hardens when it dries and damages the plant. Sandy soil water pa****s straight through. A mix of both holds water well without hardening when dry.
Food
1) After a prolonged drought, food will be scare. A way of tracking where food is avaiable will be requires.
Infrastructure
1) Ways of distributing and allocation water. In previous years the water mains have been turned off an a bowser on a truck delivers water to set points. People then have to go to those points and carry water home. However, the sick, elderly and disabled can't carry water, so there needs t be a way to provide them.
2) As natural vegitation dies off, their roots stop holding the soil together. Whe it does rain, the top soil washes away. This will affect roads and any infrustructure on mountains or in valleys. As such, roads and mountainous areas should be monitored and prepared for rain during the dry spell.
3) Civil engineers to repair burst pipes etc
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