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From rooftop gardens to big box stores in North America, green roofs are a hot item in sustainable design. They promise better views for neighbouring buildings, diminish the heat island effect, and contribute to water conservation measures.
Green roofs have been in use since the Middle Ages in Europe, and sod roofs were a feature of pioneer homes in North America. After the oil crisis of the early 1970’s, Germany experimented with roof landscaping for energy conservation purposes. That country boasts more than 13 million square metres of green roofs.
With green roofs proliferating in sustainable design circles, standards for their design and construction have been established and field tested. The British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT) has developed a Centre for the Advancement of Green Roof Technology with a focus on developing green roof and living wall technologies for the BC coastal region. Lessons learned here are being applied in other jurisdictions.
BCIT defines green roofs as engineered roofing systems incorporating the use of vegetation that make environmental, economic and social contributions to urban areas. It distinguishes between three kinds of green roof:
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