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The process of increase in the ratio of hydrogen and aluminum ions in comparison to basic cations within the soil resulting in the adverse effects on root growth and metabolism of plant is called soil acidification. The problem is more prevalent in the uplands. Poor organic matter content of the soil results in low pH buffering capacity, thereby lowering the intrinsic ability of the soil to resist pH change. Being poorly buffered, such soils are more prone to subsurface acidification also. Plant growth is adversely affected either directly due to increase of hydrogen ion concentration or that of aluminum ion, or indirectly by decreasing the availability of essential plant mineral nutrients, especially phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, boron and molybdenum.
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